එළ මල් [Ela mal]/White-ginger Lily/Butterfly ginger (Hedychium coronarium)

Native large herb of India and Malaysia. Perhaps also native to the Sri Lanka*. Cultivated and also naturalized in the wet lowlands and hill country up to about 1500 m altitudes

* Illustrated field guide to the flowers of Sri Lanka - J & J de Vlas 

Emilia zeylanica

Large indigenous herb grows in patanas, forest borders, ridges, etc. in higher elevations. Flowering throughout the year. Two varieties (var. zeylanica & var. walkeri) occurs in Sri Lanka and both are endemic. Variety zeylanica restricted to the patana lands between 2000-2300 m altitudes.

Clerodendrum laevifolium [Syn: Clerodendrum wallichii]

Native from Himalayan India, Pakistan, Bhutan, to Myanmar and Vietnam. Introduced and occasionally cultivated in home gardens. 

Common Albatross (Appias albina darada)

Common butterfly of the hill country. But not occurred in the very high elevations. It takes parts in migrations and also settles on wet patches on paths, river beds, etc. to absorb minerals in large numbers. Its only known larval food plant in Sri Lanka is Drypetes sepiaria.

වල් රඹුටන්/ඌරු කොස්ස[Wal-Rambutang/Uru-Kossa] (Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium[Syn: Xanthium indicum])

Common indigenous large herb occurs in moist places, roadsides, cultivated grounds, dry margins of tanks and in waste places in the dry zone. 

ලේනතැරිය/ලේන්තැරි/ලේන්තැරි පුවක්[Lenatheriya/Lenteri/Lenteri-Puwak] (Areca concinna)

An endemic and endangered small tree occurs in swamp forests and valley bottoms from Kalutara to Galle in the southwestern wet lowlands. Flowers and fruits throughout the year.

බිං අවරි[Bin Awari](Indigofera linnaei)

An indigenous prostrate herb. Very common in dry and open places and near seashores in the dry and intermediate zones. 

Asota producta

Location - Yagirala forest reserve. 

Wing expanse - 3.5 - 7 cm

Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 2 Page 52-53.

External Links : http://www.inaturalist.org/listed_taxa/5170587

Perennial peanut/Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi)

An introduced creeping herb native to the Central Brazil. It was introduced as a ground cover in tea plantations and now naturalizing along roads in the hill country.

කොන්ඩේ[Konde] (Uniyala wightiana [Syn: Vernonia wightiana])

A indigenous shrub common in patanas, grassy banks and montane forests above 1000 m a.s.l. Flowering from November to May.

Star Gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus)

An introduced shrub to small tree native to India. Cultivated in home gardens in all climatic zones. Fruits edible.

Blue Glassy Tiger (Ideopsis similis exprompta)

Rather common butterfly restricted to the southwestern coast from Negombo to Galle, not occurring inland more than 32 km s. Blue Glassy Tiger especially flies in mangrove and marsh habitats. However it can be also observed in inland wet lowland forests such as Sinharaja, Morapitiya-Runakandha and Kanneliya. Larva feeds on Vincetoxicum indicum (බිං නුග), Vincetoxicum flexuosum var. tenuis,  and Anodendron paniculatum leaves (Ovipositing also observed on Parsonsia alboflavescens [කිරි අඟුණ/වල් අඟුණ] though larvae refused to feed on them when given in the lab).

          Major N. Manders while considering the restricted distribution of this butterfly doubted that it may be an accidentally introduced species to the island from the China via Galle harbor. Before completion of the breakwater at Colombo, Galle was the first port in the island and introduction of this butterfly may have been occured during that period (Manders N., 1904) As per Manders distribution of this insect at that time was "...coast and twenty miles or so inland, that is to say, the foothills extending from Galle in the south to about ten miles beyond Colombo on the north." 

Manders N., 1904 Butterflies of Ceylon, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society V. 16 (1904-1906)

Emilia alstonii

An indigenous herb occurs along weedy roads, eroded patanas and tea plantations in the high elevations, mainly southern and eastern part of the hill country.

Brazilian Tea (Stachytarpheta cayennensis [Syn: Stachytarpheta dichotoma])

An introduced shrubby herb native to Cuba and Mexico south to Argentina and Peru. Naturalized and widely distributed along roadsides, waste grounds, scrub lands etc. mainly in the central parts of the country. 

Senecio gardneri

An endemic perennial herb considered to be critically endangered and possibly extinct according to the National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka. Earlier records available from Adam's peak, Ambagamuwa, Upcot and  Meeriacotta estate of Central hills. Flowering from December to March. We have observed and photographed this rare plant at Kuru ganga upper basin area (1200 m) of Sripada World Heritage site (Adam's peak or Peak wilderness sanctuary) on 15th February 2014.

ගස් කරල් හැබ/වැල් කරල් හැබ[Gas karal heba, Wal karal haba] (Achyranthes aspera)

An indigenous perennial herb very common along roadsides, gardens, waste grounds, scrub lands,  forest margins, seashores and along streams throughout the island except on the higher hills. 

ගස් කයිල[Gas kayila](Breynia vitis-idaea)

An indigenous herb common along forest edges, sandy places near coast and shaded stream banks from lowlands to about 1000 m a.s.l.

Amata thoracica

Location - Ingiriya forest reserve (Dombagaskanda). Also observed at Morapitiya - Runakanda, Sinharaja  and Yagirala forest reserves.

External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/424469-Amata-thoracica

මහ උඳුපියලි[Maha undupiyali]/Spanish clover (Grona heterophylla [Syn: Desmodium heterophyllum])

Native prostrate or ascending herb very common along roadsides, grasslands and open places in the low country up to about 600 m altitude. Flowering from June to October.

Triumfetta pilosa

Common indigenous road side weed in mid and up country. 

Oval leaf false buttonweed (Spermacoce alata [Syn: Spermacoce latifolia])

An introduced herb native to the tropical America. Common weed in waste places, gardens, roadsides, etc.

Dark Blue Tiger (Tirumala septentrionis)

Dark Blue Tiger is a common butterfly flies mainly in the dry zone of the country up to 1000 m elevations. It takes part in migrations. Larva feeds on Dragia volubilis (අගුණ) leaves in the field and also on 

Heterostemma tanjorense when offered.

කොච්චි මිරිස්/නයි මිරිස්[Kochi miris/Nayi miris]/Bird pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

Domesticated species with possible South American origin. Widely cultivated in home gardens throughout the country. 

ගල් කරඳ/පනකරව පඳුරු[Gal Karanda/Panakarawa panduru]/Ceylon Boxwood (Psydrax dicoccos)

Common indigenous shrub or small tree occurs in low and middle elevations. 

නිල් පුරුක්[Nil-Puruk](Ruellia prostrata [Syn: Dipteracanthus prostratus])

Common indigenous herb occurs in partial shade among short grass along roadsides, bunds of paddy fields, etc. from low country to mid hills about 900 m a.s.l. Flowering throughout the year with a peak in March. Flowers open in the early morning and wither by noon.  

Pomasia psylaria?

Location - Kitulgala - Makandhawa forest reserve

Expanse - 2.8 cm

Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 3 Page 448.

External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/418786-Pomasia-psylaria

Eleutheranthera ruderalis

Common introduced weed occurs in abandoned lands, cultivated grounds, roadsides, etc. Native to the tropical America. Flowering from November to May and possibly throughout the year. This grows in much the same habitats as, and closely resembles Nodeweed (Synedrella nodiflora)

දියපර[Diyapara](Dillenia triquetra)

An indigenous tree occurs in wet zone forests from lowlands to about 1200 m altitude. Flowering throughout the year.
*The vernacular name ගොඩපර[Godapara] is also used for this species where  ගොඩපර[Godapara] (Dillenia retusa) is absent, especially in Nawalapitiya area.

Witchweed (Striga lutea)

Rather common indigenous herb occurs in open grassy places of the wet lowlands and the hill country, up to about 1800 m altitudes. Probably a parasitic on the roots of the grasses. Flowering throughout the year.

Mangina argus

Location - Thalangama tank

Expanse - Male 5 cm Female - 5.4 cm

Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 2. page 69 as Argina argus

External Links - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangina_argus

Larval host Plants - Young leaves of Crotalaria species. Larvae observed at above location were feeding on Crotalaria retusa leaves.