බිං දදකිරිය[Bin dadakiriya](Euphorbia thymifolia)

An introduced annual creeping herb. A weed of waste places and cultivated grounds. Also rooting between stones on roadside pavements.

මස් බැද්ද [Mas bedde](Gymnema sylvestre)

An indigenous twining and struggling woody plant occurs in the drier parts of the island in deciduous secondary shrub.

Banana Skipper/Rounded Palm Red-eye (Erionota torus)

Banana Skipper is the most recently discovered butterfly of  Sri Lanka. Rohana Gunawardana first observed two adults on 16th August 2015 at Ambagaspitiya in Gampaha District, while resting on a Musa x paradisiaca (Banana/කෙසෙල්) leaf. Next day he discovered many larva and pupa as well as adult butterflies on the vicinity and occurring of new invasive pest butterfly species in the island was formally published later on by Rohana Gunawardana, Ishara Harshajith Wijewardhane, H.M.B.E. Herath, and Tharaka S Priyadarshana in Wildlanka Vol 3 No 3, The research journal of the Department of Wildlife conservation, Sri Lanka.*
    Globally Banana Skipper is distributed in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Japan and northern India and it is believed that it has been entered Sri Lanka with imported plant materials. In Sri Lanka it is observed that larva of Banana Skipper feeds on mature banana leaves. Also it rolls the banana leaf flap clockwise to form a shelter to rest inside, coursing serious damages to the banana trees. Banana being a commercially cultivated , wide spread crop plant throughout the island, above authors have highlighted the necessity of taking immediate measures to eradicate it in the early stage. Outside Sri Lanka it is reported that not only Banana but also Cocos nucifera (Coconut/පොල්), Areca catechu (පුවක්/Betel-nut palm), Bambusa oldhamii, Strelitzia reginae and Saccharum officinarum (උක්/Sugar cane) are also host plants of the Banana Skipper. Three of them are widely cultivating important crop plants and it was noted that it would be a great lose for the economy if it gradually spread to them as well.

Current Status:
Banana Skipper is now a widely distributed pest in most areas where banana trees are growing as a commercial cultivation or as a home garden fruit tree. Such as Udawalawe, Sinharaja, Gilimale,  Kandy, Kotte, etc (Personnel observation). However it has been observed that Yellow-billed babblers are feeding on larva, tearing its 'nest' where it hide during the day time (Rajika Gamage & Sujeeva Gunasena Personnel communication)

* Meanwhile quite independently  Tharindu Ranasinghe and Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe also observed it in the same area and their findings were published as a newspaper article on 27th September 2015 - Enter the Banana Skipper butterfly; bad news for banana farmers

References:
Gunawardana B.R., Wijewardana G.V.I.H, Herath H.M.B.E & Priyadarshana T.M.T.S. 2015, Erionota torus Evans, 1941: A New Record for Sri lanka with notes on its biology (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) WILDLANKA Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 178 - 183.

අඹ[Amba]/Mango (Mangifera indica)

An introduced tree widely cultivated in the home gardens of wet zone up to about  600 m a.s.l. Native to India and Myanmar. Fruits edible.

Zornia walkeri

An indigenous perennial herb confine to the patanas of central hills and Knuckles range. 

වෙළන් [Welang]/Fishing rod tree (Pterospermum suberifolium)

Common indigenous tree grows in monsoon, evergreen mixed and secondary forests, abandoned chena lands, scrub lands, beaches and rocky slopes in the dry and intermediate zones from sea level to about 650 m a.s.l. Wood used in light construction and leaves medicinal. Formerly Veddhas used wood as fire sticks and to make arrows. 

දිය තිප්පිලි/දිය බුලත්[Diya tippili/Diya bulat]Shiny bush/Pepper elder/Pansit (Peperomia pellucida)

Native annual herb of tropical America. Introduced probably around 1884 since it was not recorded from Sri Lanka before 1884(Flora of Ceylon Vol 6). Now widely distributed in disturbed places, home gardens, on wet rocks, vertical banks and also as an epiphyte on roadside trees in wet lowlands up to about 500 m a.s.l. Local and rare in the dry zone. Flowering probably throughout the year. Whole plant edible and can be used in salads.

Picrostomastis spp.

Location - Polgasowita
External Links -http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/188209

Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides)

Native plant of South America, Central America and West Indies. Introduced into Sri Lanka about 1926 as a cover crop to control soil erosion, green manure and probably also as a fodder for cattle. Naturalized along roadsides, wastelands etc. in the wet zone. Flowering from January to June.

පෙති තෝර[Peti tora]/Pot cassia/Sickle senna (Senna tora [Cassia tora])

Common introduced herb grows in waste places. Leaves edible and also use in Ayurveda and traditional medicine.  Seeds are sometimes used as a coffee substitute. 

කන්කුන්[Kan-Kun](Ipomoea aquatica)

Native plant of the old world tropics. It was introduced to Sri Lanka during some unknown period of the history probably from the Malaysia. Its Sinhalese name Kan-kun most probably derived from the Malaysian name Kangkung. It is common and naturalized along tank margins, canals, paddy fields margins and in stream beds in the dry zone. Also cultivated in moist sites in both wet and dry zone. Young stem and leaves edible.

කොළ-හඟල, හීන්-වේවැල්[Kola-Hangala, Heen-Wewel](Calamus pseudotenuis)

An indigenous rattan occurs in wet lowlands to lower montane forests below 1500m. Grows in moist places on well-drained slopes. Flowering from April to June.  

Butterfly-pea (Centrosema pubescens)

An introduced twining vine native to tropical America, now naturalized and occurs along roads, waste places etc, probably throughout the island. Flowering from April, September to October and January.

Thalassodes spp.

Location - Polgasowita
External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/82746-Thalassodes
Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 3 Page 426-427 & Plate 194-195

දිය ගෝවා[Diya gova]/Yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava)

Native plant of tropical America. Introduced to Sri Lanka in 1898. Escaped and naturalized widely in marshy areas, shallow ponds and margins of paddy fields from lowlands to mid country.  Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Young leaves and inflorescence are eaten as a vegetable. 

සියඹලා[Siyabala]/Tamarind/Indian Date (Tamarindus indica)

Native tree of Africa. Introduced to India at least 3000 years ago. Cultivated in Sri Lankan home gardens and along roadsides in villages. Also naturalized in the dry zone. It is used as a timber tree. Fruits edible and leaves, fruits, seeds and barks are used in Ayurvedic medicine.

කහ තැල් කොළ[Kaha Tel Kola]/Ivy woodrose(Merremia hederacea)

Common native twining or prostrating vine found in open areas, roadsides, grasslands, sandy places, etc in both wet and dry zones. Much common in the dry zone. 

Epithema ceylanicum [Epithema carnosum]

An indigenous herb occurs in crevices of damp rocks in the montane forests between Kandy and Dolosbage. Flowering February and from  July to September ( Probably throughout the year)

Wallace's Swift (Borbo cinnara)

Common insect flies in grasslands, roadsides and open areas from drier North and Northwestern lowlands to higher hills (Woodhouse L.G.O., 1950).  Its larva feeds on leaves of varies grass species of the family Poeceae such as Coix lacryma-jobi [කිරිඳි], Panicum maximum[ගිනි තණ/Guinea grass], Setaria barbata, Arundo donax, Cyrtococcum trigonum, Ischaemum timorense and Zea mays [ඉරිඟු/Indian corn/maize] 

Heliotropium curassavicum

An introduced prostrate and spreading herb occurs along roadsides, wastelands and borders of the lagoons in dry areas. Common in Northern and Northwestern dry zone.

වල්පිච්ච/ගැටපිච්ච [Walpichcha/Getapichcha]Downy jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum)

An introduced scrambling or weakly climbing shrub native to India. Widely cultivated in home gardens.

Ophiorrhiza pectinata

An indigenous erect herb occurs in lowland rain forests. 

Shrubby false buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata)

Native perennial herb of  Tropical America. Introduced and naturalized along roadsides, waste lands,etc. Rather common weed.  

දේවකගේ තැලි කටුස්සා [Devakage Theli Katussaa]/Devaka's Fan-throated Lizard (Sitana devakai)

Fan throated Lizard inhabiting dry coastal areas of  the North, Northwestern and Southeastern part of the country was formerly considered as a single species Sitana ponticeriana which is also recorded from the India. However with the recent taxonomic changes now it is considered that Sri Lanka is home to two distinct endemic species, one occurs in the Southeastern coastal areas (Sitana bahiri) and other in the Northern and Northwestern part of the island (Sitana devakai).

Devaka's Fan-throated Lizard is an endemic lizard confine to the dry coastal areas of the north and north western part of the island. However sometime it is recorded even 10-60 km from the nearest beach. It is active during the day time. Territorial behaviors of Sitana devakai are similar to its Southeastern congener Sitana bahiri.  

References:
Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Ineich I., Karunarathna D.M.S.S., Madhava W., Botejue S. & Campbell P.D., 2015 Two new species of the genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Sri Lanka, including a taxonomic revision of the Indian Sitana species, Zootaxa 3915(1): 67-98

කෙතල/කෙටල[Kethala/Ketala] (Lagenandra praetermissa)

An endemic large herb locally common along streams, rivers and rivulets from lowlands to mid hills.  

Acrostichum aureum

Probably the only fern species found in the mangroves of Sri Lanka*. It occurs usually on landward side of the mangroves and brackish water marshes. Young reddish leaves edible and made into a curry. Dried leaves are also used as thatching of temporary huts.

* Locality unknown single specimen of Acrostichum speciosum is also mentioned in the Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Vol XV Part B page 367.

කරවිල/බටු කරවිල[Karawila/Batu karawila](Momordica charantia)

An indigenous climbing herb occurs in lowland rain forests, riverine forests and cultivated areas up to 1200 m a.s.l. Fruit use in curries and pickles. Several cultivated varieties are used as vegetables.

Areca triandra

Native palm of Bangladesh, Andaman islands and Malay peninsula. Cultivated as an ornamental in gardens. 

ඉත්ත[Itha](Schefflera heterobotrya)

An endemic shrub or tree occurs in up country forests from 610 to 1900 m elevations. Sometimes found near streams. Flowering and fruiting occurs after the monsoon with full fruiting from October.

රත් කෑලිය/කොස්බඩ[Rat-keliya/Kosbada](Litsea ligustrina [Syn: Litsea longifolia/Litsea quinqueflora])

Common native tree occurs in the wet zone forest understory up to about 2000 m altitude. Bark use in medicine.

නස් නාරන්[Nus naran] (Citrus x madurensis)

Shrub or small tree cultivated in home gardens for its edible fruit. It is probably a stable hybrid between Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) and sour Mandarin species (Citrus reticulata var. austera) 

Restricted Demon (Notocrypta curvifascia)

Rare butterfly found in wet and intermediate zone jungles. Its larva feeds on Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber officinale, Meistera trichostachya, Hellenia speciosa, and Meistera fulviceps.

වැරණිය[Veraniya](Hedyotis fruticosa)

An indigenous small shrub grows on open secondary vegetation and rocky areas on mountain tops up to about 1000 m elevations

Woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota [Syn: Spermacoce assurgens])

Introduced annual herb native to tropical America. Naturalized along roadsides and waste places. 

Didymoplexis pallens

Rare terrestrial, leafless and saprophytic orchid species grows under shade of trees in carpet of fallen and decaying leaves of the wet lowland forests.

Wormbush/Pinkroot(Spigelia anthelmia)

An introduced annual herb native to tropical America. Naturalized along roadsides, home gardens and waste places in Southern and western part of the Country.

බැවිල[Bavila]/Heart Leaf Fan Petals(Sida cordata)

Common indigenous prostrate or ascending slender herb grows in grasslands, waste areas and roadsides, mainly in the dry lowlands. Whole plant used in Ayurveda medicine.

Thyas coronata

Location - Sri Jayawardenapura, Kotte.
Host Plant - Flowers (Only first instar larvae) and tender leaves (Larvae of all instars) of Rangoon creeper/Drunken sailor(Quisqualis indica) - (Sujeeva Gunasena, ‎ Personal communication, October 31, 2015)
External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1890501

කටු තම්පලා[Katu tampala]/Spiny amaranth/Prickly amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus)

Very common introduced weed occurs along roadsides, waste and disturbed grounds and in gardens. Flowering throughout the year. The young leaves are eaten as a kind of spinach and whole plant especially leaves and roots are medicinal.

මිදි ගස්/මහ මිදි/හීන් මිදි/වල්-වෙල්-මිදි [Midi Gas/Maha Midi/Heen Mii/Wal-Wel-Midi]/Headache Tree(Premna serratifolia [Syn: Premna obtusifolia/Premna divaricata])

An indigenous shrub or tree common in coastal areas and mangroves. Flowering from December to March and August to September. Fruits black when ripe. Leaves and roots used in medicine and wood in constructions  industry.

ගස් දුම්මැල්ල/කයිල/වැල් කයිල [Gas dummella/Kaila/Wel Kayila] (Phyllanthus reticulatus)

Common indigenous shrub or small tree occurs in secondary vegetation from sea level to 1000 m altitude. Bark, roots, stem, leaves and fruits are used in medicine.

ගොඩ කිරිල්ල[Goda Kirilla]/Indian Elm (Holoptelea integrifolia)

Native tree occurs in dry lowland forests. Flowering from March to April and fruiting from April to June. Wood heavy and strong. 

Asystasia intrusa

An introduced herb native to Malaysia. It occurs in lightly shaded locations, especially in the hill country, probably escaped from gardens. 

Erebus ephesperis [Nyctipao crepuscularis]

Expanse - 8-10 cm

Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 3 Page 148.

External Links -  http://www.inaturalist.org/listed_taxa/3589369

Sonerila rhombifolia

Rather rare endemic erect herb occurs in Southwestern wet lowland forests. Sonerila rhombifolia grows sympatrically with the Sonerila silvatica.

කහ කෝන[Kaha-kona] (Senna spectabilis[Cassia spectabilis])

Native tree of the South America. Introduced and planted as an ornamental, mostly in the hill country near tea plantations. 

හීන් උඳුපියලිය[Heen-Undupiyaliya]/Creeping tick threefoil/Tick clover(Grona triflora [Syn: Desmodium triflorum])

An indigenous prostrate perennial herb very common on roadsides, open grounds, lawns,etc from lowlands to about 600 m elevations. Flowering from June to October.

Gomphandra tetrandra

Rather uncommon shrub or small tree occurs in primary and secondary wet evergreen forests from 75-1200 m a.s.l. Ripe berries are white.

මල් සේරා[Mal Sera]/Cotton Pygmy-Goose/Cotton Teal (Nettapus coramandelianus coramandelianus)

Rather uncommon breeding resident inhabiting low country tanks and large ponds covered with weeds and lotus like water plants. It is much common in the dry zone and where it lives as pairs or small to larger flocks. Wet zone records earlier only consist of migrants during the north-east monsoon period though there are recent observations of all the year round and also breeding. It feeds on vegetable stuffs, water insects and molluscs, etc.  Cotton Pygmy-Goose breeds from January to March and again in August. It build its nest in a cavity of a tree growing near tanks and lays 8-12 eggs. 

Scrambled-egg-tree (Senna surattensis [Cassia surattensis])

Native tree of the Southeast Asia. Introduced and cultivated as an ornamental. Roots and other parts medicinal.