ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චා/ගෝමර බට්ටි කුරුල්ලා (Saxicola caprata atrata)

 තරමක් දුර්ලභ දේශීය පක්ෂියෙකු වුවත් කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම උස් මට්ටමේ සිට ඉහල කඳුකරය දක්වා තෘණ භූමි, පතන් බිම්, ගෙවතු සහ විවෘත භූමි වල සුලභව දැකිය හැක. ජොඩු වශයෙන් හමුවන ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චන් මිටි පඳුරු සහ එවන් ස්ථාන වල සිට ඉගිලෙමින් කෘමි සතුන් ගොදුරු කරගනී. ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චා වසරේ පෙබරවාරි සිට මාර්තු මාස වල තණකොළ පත්‍ර, කුඩා මුල් සහ වෙනත් එවැනි දෑ උපයෝගි කරගනිමින්  කඳු බෑවුමක හෝ කණ්ඩියක් මත මනාව සැඟවුන ස්ථානයක සාදන විවෘත කෝප්පයක හැඩය සහිත කූඩුවක බිත්තර 2 ත් 4 ත් අතර ප්‍රමාණයක් දමා අභිජනනයේ යෙදේ.

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Polygala arillata

 An indigenous shrub, small tree or sometimes a scandent climber in semi shade of montane forests above 1300 m elevations. Flowering all the year round. 

Impatiens macrophylla

An endemic large herb of moist shaded places in montane rain forests from 1650 to 2400 m elevations. Often grows by streams and rivers.  Occasionally also occurs on road banks or rock outcrops.

Medinilla fuchsioides

Rather common endemic woody epiphyte shrub of  Southern montane moss forests.

ඉඟුරු[Inguru]/Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

The root ginger of commerce which is widely used as a spice or as a medicine in traditional medicine. Country of origin unknown. Cultivated in tropical countries throughout the world.

Calanthe triplicata

Rather rare native terrestrial herb in the shade of trees in montane forests up to about 2134 m elevations. 

ශ්‍රී ලංකා කහකන් කොණ්ඩයා/ගුරු කොණ්ඩයා (Pycnonotus penicillatus)

කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම උස් මට්ටමේ සිට ඉහල කඳුකරය දක්වා වනාන්තර සහ වනාන්තර ආශ්‍රිත ගස් කොළන් බහුල ගෙවතු වල සුලභව හමුවන මෙරටට ආවේනික පක්ෂියෙකි. බොහෝවිට ජෝඩු වශයෙන් හෝ කුඩා රංචු වශයෙන් හමුවන කහකන් කොණ්ඩයන් පඳුරු සහ නොඋස් ගස් අතර පළතුරු සහ කුඩා කෘමීන් ආහාරයට ගනිමින් පියඹා යනු දැකිය හැක. මාර්තු සිට අප්‍රේල් දක්වා කාලයේ සහ බොහෝවිට නැවතත් අගෝස්තු සිට සැප්තැම්බර් මාස වල අභිජනනයේ යෙදෙන කහකන් කොණ්ඩයන් ගසක පහත් අත්තක පිහිටි දෙබලක පාසි, ගස් වල කුඩා මුල් ආදිය උපයෝගි කරගනිමින් සාදන කෝප්පයක හැඩය සහිත කූඩුවක බිත්තර දෙකක් දමයි.

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Myriactis wightii

Common native herb grows among short grass in montane scrubs and forests. Flowering from September to April and probably throughout the year. 

 

Fuchsia regia

An introduced scandent or climbing shrub native to  montane cloud forest of coastal Brazil. Cultivated as an ornamental. Also escaped and naturalized in disturbed forests and along roads above 1800 m elevations. 

Carex baccans

 An indigenous perennial occurs on wet slopes covered by open forests in the montane zone above 6000 ft elevations.  

Hedyotis dendroides

 An endemic shrub or small tree of upper montane shrubberies above about 1800 m elevations. Often in open and secondary areas.

අඳුරු කොළ පඳුරු මැඩියා [Anduru Kola Panduru Mediya]/Dull Green Shrub Frog (Pseudophilautus viridis)

 An endemic shrub frog of montane forests as well as the anthropogenic habitats such as agricultural fields in the central hills from 1400 to 1800 m elevations. 

ශ්‍රී ලංකා මුව පටු මැඩියා[Sri Lanka Muwa Patu Mediya]/Sri Lanka Narrow Mouth Frog (Microhyla zeylanica)

Common endemic frog found around pools and streams in montane grasslands and forests from 1700 m to about 1890 m elevations. It is recorded from Horton Plains National Park, Hakgala, Bopattalawa, Nuwaraeliya and Pattipola areas. Eventhough the smallest microhylid frog in Sri Lanka (About 2.3 cm from snout to vent),  it has a very loud call.   

කඳුකර ගස් මැඩියා[Kandukara Gas Mediya]/Mountain Tree Frog/Mountain Hour-glass Tree Frog (Taruga eques)

 An endemic tree frog confine to grasslands, marshes and low vegetation along the forest edges in the upper montane cloud forests from 1750 to 2300 m elevations.

Gonostegia triandra (Syn: Pouzolzia bennettiana)

 An indigenous herb or small shrub of wet zone montane forest from 1200 to 2200 m elevations. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year

කළු කුරටිය[Kalu kuratiya] (Psychotria gardneri)

An endemic shrub common in forests from 1000 to 2000 m elevations. Flowering from March to April and fruiting from August to September. 

Flower size - About 0.7 cm across

 

Impatiens cuspidata subsp. bipartita

A large woody herb occurs along stream banks, open scrub and thickets and such moist places in the hill country rain forests from 1800 to 2700 m elevations. Often form large scattered colonies. Rarely grows in total shade. Sub species bipartita is endemic to Sri Lanka.

Nepalese crane's bill (Geranium nepalense)

 

An indigenous perennial herb grows along roads and moist shady places in the upper montane zone. Mainly occurs around Nuwaraeliya (Between Nuwaraeliya and Maturata, Hakgala). Flowering more or less throughout the year. Very rare. 

Barleria arnottiana

 An indigenous shrubby herb common in the undergrowth of montane forests close to water courses. Flowering from September to April with a peak in October and November  ( var. arnottiana)

var. glabra - Grows in Low and intermediate country. Flowering from November to February.

 

Red-veined Darter (Sympetrum fonscolombii)

 Rather rare insect confined to the marshes, swamps and lakes of the central hills (Mainly to the vicinity of Nuwaraeliya and Horton Plains National Park.) 

Mexican wild petunia/Desert petunia (Ruellia simplex)

 An introduced herb or subshrub native to Mexico and South America. Cultivated in home gardens and occasionally escaped and naturalized. 

Liparis walkerae

An indigenous rather rare terrestrial herb grows under the shade of trees in the montane forests up to about 1829 m elevations. 

 

Hedyotis marginata

 An endemic shrub or small tree of upper montane shrubberies. 

Hedyotis neolessertiana

 An endemic shrub or small tree of upper montane shrubberies. Often in open and secondary areas. 

වියකෙයියා[Viyakeyya] (Freycinetia pycnophylla)

 An endemic woody-stemmed climber ascending tree trunks in the wet zone and hill country forests up to about 1500 m elevations. 

වල් දුම්කොළ [Wal Dumkola](Sonchus wightianus)

 Common weed of roadsides and in the mortar of bridges and road embankments in the lower montane zone. Flowering from January to June and probably throughout the year. Possibly a native herb of Sri Lanka since it is falling within the natural distribution range of the species. But in absence of specimens of it earlier than 1915 Sonchus wightianus also considered as an introduced species which is native to India and China (http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250399-1). 

Hedyotis cyanescens

 An utmost rare endemic herb of western lowland forests. 

හැළඹ[Halamba] (Mitragyna parvifolia)

An indigenous tree common in dry deciduous forests.

කන ගොරක/ගොකටු/කොකටිය[Kana Goraka/Gokatu/Kokatiya]/Gamboge (Garcinia cambogioides [Syn: Garcinia morella])

 An indigenous tree distributed in wet evergreen lowland forests. Sometimes also cultivated. Latex of this tree is an excellent gamboge which used locally for paintings and dyeing. 

වට්ටක්කා [Wattakka]/Pumpkin gourd/Squash gourd (Cucurbita maxima)

 
An introduced  trailing or climbing tall annual herb widely cultivated in all climatic zones.  The wild ancestor of this species is native to South America.

Tetrapilus polygamus [Syn: Olea polygama]

 

An indigenous small tree of evergreen montane forests, including secondary forests from 1000 to 2400 m elevations.

Flower Size - About 3mm across

Hedyotis trimenii

 An indigenous shrub or small tree grows in open secondary vegetations, forests edges and rocky areas on mountain tops up to about 2150 m elevations. 

පොළොස් කොට්ටෝරුවා (Megalaima Zeylanica)

 සියළුම දේශගුණික කලාප වල පාහේ සුලභව දැකිය හැකි පක්ෂියෙකු මුත් ඉහල කඳුකර කලාපයේ තරමක් දුර්ලභය. ඝන වනාන්තර වලට වඩා ගෙවතු සහ විවෘත ප්‍රදේශ වලට වැඩි කැමැත්තක් දක්වන අතර යුගල වශයෙන් හෝ කුඩා රංචු වශයෙන් හැසිරේ. විවිධ පළතුරු වර්ග, කුඩා ගෙඩි ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් අහාරයට ගන්නා මුත් කුරුමිණියන් වැනි කුඩා කෘමි සතුන්ද ගොදුරු කරගන්නා බව නිරීක්ෂණය කර ඇත. තුරුමත පමණක් හැසිරෙන අතර පොළොව මත කිසිවිටක දැකිය නොහැක. ප්‍රධාන අභිජනන කාලය පෙබරවාරි සිට ජූලි දක්වා වන අතර අගෝස්තු සිට සැප්තැම්බර් දක්වා වූ ද්වීතීයක අභිජනන සමයක්ද ඇතැම් විට සිදුවේ. පොලොස් කොට්ටෝරුවා මැරුණු ගසක කඳේ හෝ අත්තක සාදා ගත් කුහරයක සිය කූඩුව තනා ගනී.
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මිමිණි මාර[Mimini Mara](Archidendron clypearia [Syn: Abarema subcoriacea])

An indigenous small tree grows in forests above 1500 m elevations. 

Cissus gardneri

 An endemic liana rather common in forest edges and clearings in the lower montane zone. Flowering all the year round.

Justicia scandens [Syn: Justicia glabra]

An indigenous undershrub of mid country moist places. Flowering from January to April. 

Yesterday-today-and-tommorrow (Brunfelsia pauciflora)

 An introduced ornamental shrub native to South America. Cultivated in home gardens. 

Eugenia sp.

 An Eugenia species with almost sessile flowers. A shrub probably endemic to the Sri Lanka (or indigenous). An addition to the flora of Sri Lanka, first recorded in Vlas de J., 2019 from Knuckles range. 

Vlas de J., 2019 - Illustrated field guide to the flowers of Sri Lanka Volume 3

බිනර/ගිණිහිරිය[Binara/Ginihiriya] (Exacum trinervium ritigalensis)

 

An endemic herb grows on gravelly soil of rocky places and of patanas in the dry intermediate zone towards the central hills and in the dry up country. Much common in the western sector of the Uva province and isolated pockets in the North western and Central provinces from about 400 to 1200 m elevations. Flowering throughout the year.

Lepidagathis ceylanica

Rathe rare endemic herb of moist mid country. Flowering from March to July and November. It was considered as a Critically endangered (Possibly extinct) species in the 2012 National Red List.

Coffea wightiana [Syn: Psilanthus wightianus]

 

An indigenous  deciduous shrub of dry zone scrub lands.

Lepidagathis walkeriana

 An endemic shrubby herb grows under shade in busy localities in sub montane and moist mid country. Often grows on embankments bordering disturbed submontane forests. Rather common and flowering from March to November. 

Eulophia epidendraea

 

Large native terrestrial herb, rather rare in the shade, on decaying leaves and soil on rocks in the intermediate and dry zones. 

Curcuma oligantha

 

An indigenous herb of the dry zone. Flowers produced before, or with developing leaves from the base of a new leaf shoot. One flower opening at a time.

දුණුමඩල/ලුනුමඩල/ලුනුමිදෙල්ල [Dunumadala/Lunumadala/Lunumidella] (Stereospermum colais [Syn: Stereospermum tetragonum,S tereospermum personatum])

 An indigenous large tree with spreading branches, grows in both wet and dry zones up to about 650 m elevations.  Flowering from May to August.  

තැඹිලිය [Tembiliya](Eugenia roxburghii [Syn: Eugenia bracteata])

 

An indigenous shrub or small tree of forests and scrub lands in the dry and intermediate zones especially near the coast. Often abundant in the secondary vegetation including fire-climax savanna. Occasionally also occurs in the coastal areas of the wet zone. 

බූ මෑ/මුං/උළුඳු/[Bu Me/Mun/Ulundu]Black gram (Vigna mungo)

 

An introduced sub-erect or twining herb with uncertain origin . Cultivated since long. Naturalized in the moister areas than Vigna radiata to that this species is closely related. Some authors even considered V. mungo as a variety of V. radiata.

Coleus barbatus var. grandis [Syn: Plectranthus barbatus var. grandis/Plectranthus grandis/Coleus grandis]

 

An introduced shrub with country of origin unknown. Also found in tropical East Africa. Widely cultivated as a hedge plant in the upper midlands and higher hills from 1100 to 2100 m elevations. Occasionally found as an escape by watercourses close to habitations but never been known in the wild. However nothing is known about its having been introduced into the country. Flowering from September to February. 

Himalayan Elder (Sambucus javanica subsp. chinensis [Syn: Sambucus hookeri])

 An introduced shrub native to China, Philippines and Malaysia. Often planted along tea plantations and near houses in the hill country. 

Yellow Ginger Lily (Hedychium flavescens)

                       

 A large herb common by streams in moist areas up to 1800 m elevations. Native to Northeast India. Introduced or perhaps native to Sri Lanka as well. Much cultivated as an ornamental.