Showing posts with label Old world flycatchers and chats. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Old world flycatchers and chats. Show all posts

Friday, December 15, 2023

ළයබොර මැසිමාරා/ළයදුඹුරු මැසිමාරා (Muscicapa muttui)

 මෙරට තුලට සංක්‍රමණික පක්ෂීන් පැමිණෙන උත්තර අර්ධ ගෝලයට ශීත සෘතුව බලපැවැත්වෙන මාස වලදී එතරම් සුලභ නොවන ලෙස දැකිය හැකි පක්ෂියෙකි. තනි පක්ෂීන් වශයෙන් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් තෙත් කලාපයේ පහත රට ප්‍රදේශ වල සිට කඳුකරයේ පහල උස් මට්ටම දක්වා වනාන්තර සහ හොඳින් ගහකොළ සහිත ස්ථාන වල දිය පාරවල් ආසන්නයේ හමුවන මුත්, ස්ථානීය වශයෙන් දුර්ලභව පහත රට වියලි කලාපයේ සහ කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම උස් මට්ටම් වල එවන් පරිසර පද්ධති වලද වාර්තා වේ. ගහක අත්තක් මත සිට පියඹා ගොස් පියාඹන කෘමින් ඩැහැ ගනිමින් නැවත එම ස්ථානයටම හෝ ඒ අසලම ස්ථානයකට ගොස් වසන මෙම පක්ෂියා මෙරට තුල සිටින සම්පූර්ණ කාලයේම බොහෝ විට තෝරාගත් එම ස්ථානයේ නිතර දැකිය හැක.

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Wednesday, November 22, 2023

පොල්කිච්චා (Copsychus saularis)

 සියළුම දේශගුණික කලාප වල පිහිටි ගෙවතු, වගා බිම් සහ ලඳු කැලෑ වල ඉතාමත් සුලභ දේශීය පක්ෂියෙකි. එහෙත් ඝන වනාන්තර වල දැකිය නොහැක. තනි පක්ෂීන් ලෙසින් හෝ ජෝඩු වශයෙන් හැසිරෙමින් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් පොළොව මත සිටින කෘමීන් ගොදුරු කරගන්නා පොල්කිච්චා ඊට අමතරව නිවාස වලින් අහක දමන බත්, පාන් වැනි දේද ආහාරයට ගනී. ගොම්මන් වේලාව ගෙවුන පසුව පවා ක්‍රියාශීලීව හැසිරෙන මෙම පක්ෂියාගේ පිරිමි කුරුල්ලා  උස ගසක් මත හෝ ලාම්පු කණුවක් මත සිට නගන වසම් වෙන් කරගැනීමේ නාදය උදෑසන හිරු නැග ඒමටත් පෙර සිටම ඇසිය හැක. ඇතැම් විට පිරිමි පක්ෂීන් අතර දරුණු සටන් ඇතිවන ආකාරද නිරීක්ෂණය කර ඇත. වසරේ මාර්තු සිට සැප්තැම්බර් දක්වා කාලයේ ගසක බෙනයක් තුල තණකොල සහ කෙඳි වර්ග එකතු කර සදන කූඩුවක බිත්තර දෙකක් හෝ තුනක් දමා අභිජනනය කරයි.

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Sunday, July 11, 2021

කළුකිච්චා (Saxicoloides fulicatus)


වියලි කලාපයේ වියලි විවෘත ප්‍රදේශ වල සුලභව හමුවන, තෙත් කලාපයේ දුර්ලභව ඇතැම් විශේෂිත ප්‍රදේශ වල පමණක් කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම ප්‍රදේශය දක්වා පාහේ හමුවන දේශිය පක්ෂියෙකි. ගෙවතු, වගා බිම් සහ ලඳු බිම් වලට වඩාත් ප්‍රියකරන කළුකිව්ච්චා ඝන වනාන්තර තුල හමු නොවේ. භෞමිකව කුඩා කෘමීන් ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ජෝඩු වශයෙන් හැසිරෙන කළුකිච්චන් වසරේ මාර්තු සිට සැප්තැම්බර් දක්වා කාලයේ පස් කණ්ඩියක, ගසක කඳක හෝ ඇතැම් විට ගොඩනැගිල්ලක් තුල වූ කුහරයක කූඩුවක් සාදා බිත්තර දෙකක් හෝ තුනක් දමා අභිජනනයේ යෙදේ. 

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Thursday, December 31, 2020

ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චා/ගෝමර බට්ටි කුරුල්ලා (Saxicola caprata atrata)

 තරමක් දුර්ලභ දේශීය පක්ෂියෙකු වුවත් කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම උස් මට්ටමේ සිට ඉහල කඳුකරය දක්වා තෘණ භූමි, පතන් බිම්, ගෙවතු සහ විවෘත භූමි වල සුලභව දැකිය හැක. ජොඩු වශයෙන් හමුවන ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චන් මිටි පඳුරු සහ එවන් ස්ථාන වල සිට ඉගිලෙමින් කෘමි සතුන් ගොදුරු කරගනී. ගෝමර සිටිබිච්චා වසරේ පෙබරවාරි සිට මාර්තු මාස වල තණකොළ පත්‍ර, කුඩා මුල් සහ වෙනත් එවැනි දෑ උපයෝගි කරගනිමින්  කඳු බෑවුමක හෝ කණ්ඩියක් මත මනාව සැඟවුන ස්ථානයක සාදන විවෘත කෝප්පයක හැඩය සහිත කූඩුවක බිත්තර 2 ත් 4 ත් අතර ප්‍රමාණයක් දමා අභිජනනයේ යෙදේ.

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Wednesday, March 25, 2020

අළුහිස් කහ මැසිමාරා/හිස අළු මැසිමාරා (Culicicapa ceylonensis)

කඳුකරයේ මධ්‍යම උස් මට්ටමේ සිට ඉහල කඳුකරය දක්වා  වනාන්තරවල සහ ගස් කොළන් බහුල එවන් ස්ථාන වල එතරම් සුලභ නොවූවත් නිතර දැකිය හැකි දේශීය පක්ෂියෙකි. පියාඹන කෘමීන් ආහාරයට ගන්නා අළුහිස් කහ මැසිමාරාවන් ජොඩු වශයෙන් හමුවේ. තවද ආහාර සොයා එකම මාර්ගයක ගමන් කරන කුරුළු විශේෂ ගණනාවකින් සැදුම් ලත් කුරුළු නඩ සමගද ගමන් කරනු ලැබේ. පෙබරවාරි සිට  මාර්තු දක්වා කාලයේ පෙඳ පාසි සහ කෙඳි ආදිය ආශ්‍රයෙන් මකුළු දැල් යොදා අලවා, ගස් කඳක් මත,  ගල් පර්වතයක පැත්තක හෝ පාසි සහිත පස් කණ්ඩියක වූ කුහරයක සාදන කෝප්පයක හැඩය සහිත කූඩුවක බිත්තර දෙකක් හෝ තුනක් දමා අභිජනනයේ යෙදේ.
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Wednesday, March 18, 2020

අඳුරු නිල් මැසිමාරා/අනු මැසිමාරා (Eumyias sordidus)

කඳුකරයේ වනාන්තර, ගෙවතු, වගා බිම් වල සහ කලාතුරකින් පහතරට ඇතැම් තෙත් ප්‍රදේශ වලද දැකිය හැකි මෙරටට ආවේනික පක්ෂියෙකි අඳුරු නිල් මැසිමාරා හෙවත් අනු මැසිමාරා. එබඳු ප්‍රදේශ වල සුලභව හමුවේ. බොහෝවිට අඳුරු ගස් අතු අතර සිටිමින් ඉගිලෙන කෘමීන් ගුවනේදී අල්වාගනී. ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් කෘමීන් ගොදුරු කර ගත්තද කුඩා ගෙඩි වර්ගද අඳුරු නිල් මැසිමාරාගේ ආහාරයට ඇතුලත්ය. වසරේ මාර්තු, අප්‍රේල් මාස වල හා අගෝස්තු - සැප්තැම්බර් කාලයේ ගස් බෙනයක හෝ මාර්ගයක් අසබඩ කණ්ඩියක දියසෙවෙල්, මීවන මුල් සහ කෙඳි වර්ග උපයෝගි කරගනිමින් සාදන කූඩුවක බිත්තර 2 ක් හෝ කලාතුරකින් 3 ක් දමා අභිජනනයේ යෙදෙයි.
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Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Grey Headed Canary Flycatcher/හිස අළු මැසිමාරා/ අළුහිස් කහ මැසිමාරා[Hisa Alu Masimara/Aluhis Kaha Masimara] (Culicicapa ceylonensis)

Rather uncommon breeding resident in forests and wooded areas of mid hills and above. Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher usually found as pairs and feeds mainly on flying insects. It often joins mixed species feeding flocks. The breeding season lasts from February to May. The nest is a deep cup of fibers, moss etc. stuck together with cobwebs and place against a tree trunk on the side of the boulder or in a recess in a mossy bank where it lays 2-3 eggs.

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Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Pied Bushchat (Saxicola caprata atrata)

An uncommon breeding resident locally common in grasslands, open areas and gardens of the mid hills and above. It lives as pairs and feeds on insects, darting down on them from top of a bush or other such places, usually where it used to sit on. Its breeding season lasts from February to March. The nest is a open cup made out of grass blades and rootlets, often well concealed on a hill slope or top of a bank, where it lays 2 - 4 eggs. 

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Tuesday, January 13, 2015

Vagrant Chats and Old World Flycatchers (family:Muscicapidae) Recorded in Sri lanka

     1) Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)
      First record of occurrence of this bird in Sri Lanka is by Layard and second was by E.C. Fernando from Boralesgamuwa in November 1955. Third record is from Tharanga Herath with photographic evidence near old campsite of the Bundala National Park on 13th March 2014. (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/the_ceylon_bird_club_news.php)

      2) Rufous-tailed Scrub-robin(Erythropygia galactotes familiaris)
A live specimen collected on 30th September 1964 in a garden at Dehiwela and brought to Thelma Gunawardane by Osmar Ismail is the first and only record of the occurrence of this bird in Sri Lanka. The bird was in exhausted condition and was found dead on following morning. Specimen sent to J.D. Macdonald of the British natural history museum and identification was confirmed by himself. (Gunawardene, W. T. T. P., 1965)

      3) Isabelline Wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina)
W.W.A. Phillips mentioned two sight records of Isabelline Wheatear, one bird close to the 15th mile-post on the Mannar-Pooneryn road, north of the Uyatantundi Aru causeway by K.F. Dallas and a friend on the 4th December 1970 [November 1970 according to the Hoffmann, T. W., 1974] and another one from dry mud-flats about a quarter of a mile from Vankalai on the 14th March 1976 by John and Jude Banks (Phillips 1978: 83, & Hoffmann, T. W., 1977). A sight record of a single bird reported from Bundala on March 1990 (Hoffmann, T. W., 1991) Another sight record is given in the South-east coast (in two seasons) in the Report of the CBC for the 2008-2011 periods (Warakagoda D. & Sirivardana U., 2011)

      4) Blue-throated Flycatcher (Cyornis rubeculoides)
Emerson Tennent first time included it in his list as a Sri lankan bird (Tennent E., 1861: 267). But Legge was in the opinion that Tennent may have been misidentified C. banyumas which is the flycatcher which represented in the south of the peninsula while C. rubeculoides is the North Indian bird. (Legge, W. V. 1870).  His idea is further supported by not having C. banyumas in Tennents list. Legge himself noted that he had met with this bird in various parts of the northern forests, but only from October to April of the year and Layard also obtained few specimens during its migration from the mainland ,first one being on 14th October 1851(Legge 1880:547). Legge mention of seeing a specimen in Lord Tweeddale’s collection [which was probably collected by Chapman] by HoldsworthLegge also had some specimens collected by himself. All of above specimens from Northern forests and Jaffna peninsula till W.W.A. Phillip observed a single bird on Mousakande estate Gammaduwa in the Mathale hills (3300ft a.s.l) (Phillips 1978:75)). In 1997/68 migrate season almost certainly a bird was seen in the northern forest area (Cameron, R.Mcl.L., 1968) and another sight record of a single bird reported on February 1981 at Sigiriya (Hoffmann, T. W., 1982)

Unconfirmed vagrants:

Species for which there are only one or two sight records exist categorized here as unconfirmed vagrants. Problematic records without sufficient details are also included.

      5) Pied Wheatear(Oenanthe pleschanka pleschanka)
G.M. Henry in 16 November 1943 observed an exhausted female bird in its winter plumage in a Colombo garden probably after arriving presumably from India. He has confirmed his identification after comparing his notes and sketches he had taken during many minutes of his observations with specimens at the British Natural History Museum. (Henry G.M. 1998: 380) There is another sight record of Pied Wheatear on passage between Sri Lanka and Maldives islands (Repley S.D. 1982: 471)

      6)Desert Wheatear (Oenanthe deserti)
Single sight record of the Desert wheatear available so far was reported by R.W. Lekkerkerk of Holland from Bundala National Park in February 1986 (Hoffmann, T. W., 1987).

      7) Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata)            
Single sight record of it at Sinharaja noted by Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G (Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G. 2010: 306 Quoting CBCN 1978, July: 41). However it is not available in annual review of CBC notes for 1978 (Hoffmann, T. W., 1979) not in CBC country list (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/sri-lanka-bird-list.php) and two appendixes (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/Appendix-I.pdfhttp://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/Appendix-II.pdf), not even in List of rejections (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/List-of-Rejections.pdf)

      8) Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia)
Sight record made by Deepal Warakagoda and Steve Rooke at Yala block IV in March 1999 is the first record of its occurrences in Sri Lanka (Warakagoda, D. 2000). Second sight record of it from Thanamalwila on 3rd January 2012 with photographic evident by Amila Salgado (Samaraweera P., 2013)

      9) Red-breasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva)
A.J. Vincet has recorded it from Horton plains in March 1994. It is the only record of this bird in Sri Lanka (Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G. 2010:307)

      10) Slaty-blue Flycatcher (Ficedula tricolr)
Single sight record at Sigiriya in February 1993 by A.J. Vincent is the only record (Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G. 2010:308)

      11) Black-and-rufous Flycatcher (Ficedula nigrorufa)
E.L. Mitford of the Ceylon civil service said to have procured a specimen of this species from Rathnapura district. Layard identified the species by a drawing of the bird made by Mitford who asserts that it was migratory, appearing in JuneLegge doubted about it since no South-Indian migratory bird visiting Sri Lanka at that season and it can’t be also a local migration since it would not have been observed in other areas of the island (Legge 1880: 548)

      12) White-bellied Blue-flycatcher (Cyornis pallipes)
Sight record of A.J. Vincent at Kitulgala in April 1994 is the only evident for the occurrence of this species in Sri Lanka (Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G. 2010:309)

      13) Hill Blue-flycatcher (Cyornis banyumas)
Single sight record of this flycatcher reported from Colombo in 1985 (Kotagama S. & Ratnavira G. 2010:309 quoting CBCN 1985, Oct: 53a). However annual review of CBC notes for 1985 lack such a record (Hoffmann, T. W., 1986). It is not available in either CBC country list (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/sri-lanka-bird-list.php) or two Appendixes (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/Appendix-I.pdfhttp://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/Appendix-II.pdf), not even in List of rejections (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/List-of-Rejections.pdf)


14) Common Stonechat (Saxicola torquatus)
First time recorded by Sarath Seneviratna on March 2008 at Walahanduwa (Warakagoda D. & Sirivardana U., 2011)

15) Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
The sight record of the single bird at t Udawalawe National Park on 8th of February 2015 by Chintaka De Silva, Janith Jayarathna and Clemens Steiof is the first record of it for Sri Lanka. (http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/the_ceylon_bird_club_news.php)

16) Siberian Stonechat (Saxicola maurus)

Single bird observed at Udawalawe National Park on 8th February 2015 by Chintaka de Silva, Janith Jayaratne and Clemens Steiof is probably the second record of it for Sri Lanka.(http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/the_ceylon_bird_club_news.php)

References: 

Cameron, R.Mcl.L. 1968. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club - 1967/68. Loris. 11(3):153-154.
Gunawardene, W. T. T. P., 1965. A new addition to the avifauna of Ceylon Erythopygia galactodes familiaris. Spolia Zeylanica, 30(2), 247-248.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1974. Notes From The Ceylon Bird Club 1970-1973. Loris, 13(4), 211-214.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1977. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club 1976. Loris, 14(3), 154-156.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1979. Note from the Ceylon Bird club 1978. Loris, 15(1), p6-8.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1982. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club 1981. Loris, 16(1), 38-40.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1986. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club 1985. Loris, 17(3), 99-101.
Hoffmann, T. W., 1987. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club 1986. Loris, 17(5), 209-210
Hoffmann, T. W., 1991. Notes from the Ceylon Bird Club, 1990. Loris, 19(3), 103-105.
Henry G.M., 1998 A Guide to the birds of Sri Lanka 1998. 3rd Edition.
Kotagama, S., Ratnavira, G. 2010. An illustrated Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
Legge V., 1880. A History of the birds of Ceylon  1983 second edition.
Phillips W.W.A., 1978 Annotated checklist of the Birds of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1978 revised edition.
Repley S.D., 1982 A synopsis of the birds of India and Pakistan together with those of Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka 1982
Samaraweera P., 2013. Report from the Ceylon Bird Club 2012, Loris 26(5&6), 33-35
Tennent E., 1861. Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon with narratives and anecdotes. (AES reprint 1999)
Warakagoda, D., 2000. Report from the Ceylon Bird Club for 1999. Loris, 22(4), 23-25.
Warakagoda D. & Sirivardana U., 2011. Report from the Ceylon Bird Club for 2008-2011, Loris 26 (1&2)

Sunday, January 4, 2015

Kashmir Flycatcher (Ficedula subrubra)

An uncommon winter migrant to the home gardens, cultivation and forest edges of the mid hills and above.  It is usually found feeding on insects as solitary birds on the ground. But also feeds high up in trees. Each bird demarcate its own territory and where it can be found day after day. It is considered as a globally threatened bird nesting in north-western Himalayas of the Kashmir region of India and Pakistan. Probably the majority of the population of Kashmir Flycatcher migrate to the Sri Lankan hills during the winter. 

Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Asian Brown Flycatcher (Muscicapa dauurica)


Very common winter migrant to gardens, plantations and open wooded areas from lowlands to mid hills. It is frequent in shaded locations with trees. Sometimes even in densely populated cities as long as such habitats available.  Asian Brown Flycatcher is superficially similar to another migrant Brown-breasted Flycatcher but can be easily distinguished by the dark grey color legs of this while it is flesh-color of the latter. While in Sri Lanka it is mostly solitary bird and can be seen usually darting after small flying insects from a twig of a tree and often return back to the same perch or to a neighboring one with the captured prey on its bill, since it is very attached to its territory 

Sunday, December 16, 2012

Brown-breasted Flycatcher (Muscicapa muttui)


Brown-breasted Flycatcher or as it was previously known as Layard’s Flycatcher was initially discovered by E. L. Layard around 1854 from Pt. Pedro of Sri Lanka. While quoting Layard, W.V. Legge in his monograph on Sri Lankan bird - A History of the birds of Ceylon- mention that after describing the specimen brought to Layard: “ I name this new species after my old and attached servant Muttu, to whose patient perseverance and hunting skill I owe so many of my best birds. This one he brought to me one morning at Pt. Pedro during the month of June.”(Legge W.V. 1880) That is how it got its 'Tamil' zoological name Muscicapa muttui.
                Brown-breasted Flycatcher is a rather uncommon winter migrant to the wet zone lowlands to the lower hills while local and rare in dry lowlands and mid hills. It is a solitary bird often found in the vicinity of streams in forests and well-wooded areas. It can be easily distinguished by superficially similar Asian Brown Flycatcher by Flesh colored lower mandible, legs and feet with white throat with dark moustachial stripe in contrast with dark brown legs and dark tipped pale lower mandible of Asian Brown Flycatcher. It flies out and catches small flying insects usually returning to the same perch or to a neighboring one since it is very attached to its territory.

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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

වල් පොල්කිච්චා[Wal Polkichcha]/White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus)

White-rumped Shama  is a common breeding resident of jungles from lowlands to mid hills. It is fairly common in dry lowland forest areas and uncommon and locale in wet zone forests. Shama feeds on insects and probably jungle berries. It lives as pairs and  breeds from March to May . The nest is a pad of fibres placed in a tree hole where it lays 3 or 4 eggs.

Sunday, March 11, 2012

Kalukichcha/Indian Robin/Black-backed Robin (Saxicoloides fulicatus)


Common breeding resident of drier open areas of the dry zone while rare and local in the wet zone up to mid hills. It prefers gardens, cultivation and scrub lands and avoids heavy forest areas. Indian Robin lives as pairs and feeds actively on ground in searching insects.  The breeding season is from March to September and it builds its nest in a hole of a bank, tree-trunk or sometime in a cavity in a building where it lays 2-3 eggs. 

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Saturday, December 10, 2011

පොල්කිච්චා[Polkichcha]/Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis)


Very common breeding resident of gardens, cultivations and scrublands of all zones. It avoids deep forests. Oriental Magpie Robin feeds mainly on insect, hopping on the ground solitary or in pairs. But vegetable foods such as rice, bread and etc thrown out of the houses are also taken. It is active even after dusk and territorial call of the male can be heard again before sunrise often uttered from a top of  tall tree or a lamppost. Fierce combats between males occur occasionally. Main breeding season is from March to September and the nest is a mass of grasses in a tree hole.

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Friday, September 9, 2011

Sri Lanka dull-blue Flycatcher (Eumyias sordidus)


An endemic bird confined to the forests, home gardens and cultivations of hill country and humid locations in low country wet zone. It is locally common in such areas. It feeds on flying insects usually perching on a branch of a shady tree. It also eats berries. Dull blue flycatcher breeds from March to September in a nest made of moss, fern roots etc and place in a hole in a tree or road bank. 
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Thursday, July 7, 2011

Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher/Ceylon orange breasted blue flycatcher (Niltava tickelliae jerdoni)

Common breeding resident of forests and heavily shaded habitats of home gardens and cultivations of all climatic zones of the island.  Frequently found along streams and it is very active especially toward dusk.  It is not much shy and usually flits among the undergrowth in search of its prey which mainly consists of small flying insects, often captured on the wing.