මඤ්ඤොක්කා[Manyokka]/Manioc/Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Native shrub of tropical America with long unbranched stem. Introduced by Portuguese during their reign of maritime provinces of the Sri Lanka.* Now widely cultivated in home gardens and plantations for its edible tuberous roots. Young leaves are also edible. Flowers can be seen only on large neglected plants.

* Tagus to Taprobane, Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya, 2001

සේපාලිකා[Sepalika]/Coral jasmine/Sorrowful nyctanthes/Tree of sadness/Tree of sorrow(Nyctanthes arbor-tristis)

An introduced straggling shrub or small tree widely cultivated in home gardens. Native to India, Thailand and Indonesia. Flowers opening at night and casting of at sunrise. Flowering occurs mainly from August to November, but also in other months.

ඇට පන්[Eta Pan] (Lepironia articulata)

Leafless indigenous perennial occurs in saline swamps and back marshes along the coast.  Known only from Muthurajawela marshy land and along Hamilton canal in the Negombo area and from Caltura (Kalutara?) (Flora of Ceylon Vol 5) *

* Photographed at Diyawanna oya marsh land of Kotte,  probably introduced to that area since part of former wetland is now turned into the Baddagana biodiversity park and Bird Sanctuary. 

නික/සුදු නික[Nika/Sudu nika]/Indian privet/Indian wild pepper (Vitex trifolia)

An indigenous shrub or small tree occurs from sea level to 650m a.s.l, mostly along the coast. Fruits and leaves are used in traditional medicine.  

Cyanotis pilosa

An indigenous herb occurs in montane patanas and open, moist roadsides from 1700 to 2400 m elevations. Flowering throughout the year.

මිල්ල/කහ මිල්ල/නියන් මිල්ල/මියන් මිල්ල/සපු මිල්ල[Milla/Kaha milla/Niyan milla/Miyan milla/Sapu milla]/(Vitex altissima)

Large native tree common in dry and intermediate zone forests. Also grown in home gardens. Bark medicinal and wood used in furniture making and construction industry. 

පොතු පලා[Pothu-pala] (Aniseia martinicensis)

Native vine with herbaceous stem of Central and South America. Introduced and naturalized in swampy areas, especially in paddy fields of southwestern lowlands. Leaves edible. 

එළ දදකිරිය[Ela dada kiriya] (Euphorbia indica)

Native annual herb grows in open grasslands, roadsides and cultivation up to about 1500 m a.s.l.

මයුර තණ[Mayura Tana] (Chloris barbata)

An indigenous grass occurs in the low country, mainly in the dry zone. A weed of waste places, coastal areas, abandoned cultivation, etc.

හක්-ඇඹල/මහ හක්-ඇඹල[Hak-Ambala/Maha Hak-Ambala](Begonia malabarica)

An indigenous herb widely distributed in shady spots on rocky hill slopes and by streams of the wet zone forests from 100-1500 m elevations. Also occurs in wet and shady places in the isolated dry zone hills. Flowering throughout the year. 

Phyllanthus virgatus (Phyllanthus simplex)

Native herb of grassy areas and roadsides of the low country.

Lowland Kangaroo Lizard/Earless Lizard/පිනුම් කටුස්සා/තැලි කටුස්සා[Pinum Katussa/Thali Katussa] (Otocryptis nigristigma)

An endemic lizard rather common in dry lowlands up to about 400 m elevations. It lives  among leaf litter of forest floor and sometimes even on tree trunks and rocks. Lowland Kangaroo Lizard inhabits both natural as well as the anthropogenic habitats, if adequate shade and leaf litter is available.

ගස්-කැප්පෙටියා[Gas-Keppetiya] (Croton aromaticus [Syn: Croton laccifer])

Native shrub or small tree grows in forests and bordering areas up to about 800m elevations in both dry and wet regions. Leaves use to control soil-borne pests in paddy fields and betel-vine plantations. Lac use in traditional lacquer works is a secretions of a certain scale-insect species (Tachardia lacca) living on the tender branches of this tree sucking juice of them. Roots, bark and leaves use in traditional medicine.

මුකුනුවැන්න/මුඟුනුවැන්න[Mukunu-wenna,Mugunuwenna]/Sessile joyweed/Tangle mat(Alternanthera sessilis)

Very common introduced herb occurs in paddy fields, ditches, roadsides, gardens and disturbed places in lowlands up to about 1180 m elevations. Eaten as a vegetable and often cultivated.

Murdannia loriformis

Rather uncommon native perennial herb grows on rocky slopes in shade from 25 m to 500 m a.s.l. in wet and intermediate zones. Flowering occurs from November to December. Flowers opening around 10.15-10.45 A.M. and fading around 12.00 P.M.

දෙල්/රට දෙල්[Del/Rata del]/Breadfruit tree(Artocarpus altilis [Syn: Artocarpus incisus])

Native tree probably of New Guinea. Planted in home gardens. Occurs in two forms one with seeds and conical processes on the syncarp and the other seedless without such processes. Fruit edible and wood used in light construction works. 

Typhonodorum lindleyanum

An introduced large aquatic herb native to the Madagascar. Cultivated at the Peradeniya Botanical garden.

Pseuderanthemum latifolium

An indigenous shrub occurs  under shade of trees in the dry zone secondary semi-evergreen forests. flowering from January to October.

Painted-lip Lizard/Sri Lankan Bloodsucker/තොල විසිතුරු කටුස්සා[Thola visithuru Katussa] (Calotes ceylonensis)

An endemic lizard confine to the semi-evergreen monsoon forests, home gardens and plantations in the dry and intermediate zones up to about 400 elevations. Painted-lip Lizard is an arboreal agamid inhabiting tree trunks of large trees. It active during the day time and feeds on butterflies, day moths, bees and other insects.

Anaphalis subdecurrens

Native annual herb very common on grassy banks and patanas of hill country from 1200 to 2100 m elevations. Flowering throughout the year.