සැළලිහිණියා [Salalihiniya]/Sri Lanka Hill Myna [Ceylon Grackle/Ceylon Hill Myna] (Gracula ptilogenys)

Rather uncommon endemic bird occurs locally in forests and near by well wooded home gardens, plantations, etc. from wet lowlands to the mid hills. It feeds on fruits, high in the canopy level of the forest, as pairs or as small groups. The breeding season lasts from February to May and probably again from August to September. The nest is a cavity in a tree hole.

වල් කොබ්බෑ[Wal Kobbe] (Allophylus zeylanicus)

Rather common endemic shrub or small tree occurs in the wet zone forests up to about 2000 m elevations. Flowering from March to May and September to October. Whole plant medicinal.

ගෙරටිය/ගෙරි ඇට [Geratiya/Geri ata] (Chionanthus zeylanicus)

Native shrub or small tree grows mainly in the dry and intermediate zone mixed and evergreen forests as well as the scrub jungles. Uncommon in the wet zone. Often occurs on sandy areas and among rocks from sea level to about 650 m a.s.l.

Kris plant (Alocasia sanderiana)

Globally critically endangered plant naturally found only in two locations, namely Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental (Mindanao Island) of the Philippine. Widely cultivated as an ornamental pot plant in gardens. Not naturalized.

වැල් කහඹිලියා[Wel kahambiliya] (Tragia plukenetii)

An indigenous twining perennial herb found in the dry lowlands. 

Mollugo (Trigastrotheca pentaphylla [Syn: Mollugo pentaphylla])

Common native herb. A weed in open areas, rock crevices and wet places on rock outcrops, mainly in the dry zone.

කුප්පමේනිය[Kuppameniya]/Indian copperleaf (Acalypha indica)

Very common native weed found along roadsides, waste lands, cultivation, home gardens etc. Used in Ayurvedic medicine.

Indian Dart/Pallid Dart (Potanthus pallida)

Very rare butterfly. W. Ormiston first collected it in Sri Lanka at Haldumulla, and noted in his monograph of Sri Lankan butterflies "The Butterflies of Ceylon" as either a distinct race or a seasonal form of Common Dart (Potanthus pseudomaesa) (Ormiston W., 1924). Since then no authentic published records or  collected specimens or photographs were available of it until Tharaka S Priyadarshana, Chamitha De Alwis and Ishara Harshajith Wijewardhane rediscovered it from Paraviyangala mountain of Badulla district on 14th October 2012 and again at Bambarakanda mountain road of Ratnapura district on 7th July 2014. Both locations are situated proximity of Haldummulla, the original locality where Ormiston collected it on or before year 1924. Above female Indian Dart was also photographed at Bambarakanda mountain road on 4th February 2015. No data available on its early stage of the life cycle or the larval host plant in Sri Lanka.

Note: - Two recently published butterfly guides for Sri Lanka have images of Indian Dart. "A Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Sri Lanka, Second Edition Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe, Sarath Sanjeewa Rajapakshe, Chamitha De Alwis, 2015 and A Naturalist's Guide to the Butterflies & Dragonflies of Sri Lanka by Gehan De Silva Wijeyeratne,2015. However the image in the later one is not resembles the Indian dart and probably an incorrect identification of a male Tropic Dart (Potanthus Confucius satra)
.
References:

• Ormiston, W., 1924. The Butterflies of Ceylon.
• T.M.T.S. Priyadarshana, C. de Alwis & G.V.I.H. Wijewardana, 2015, Rediscovery of two Darts (Lepidoptera) in Sri Lanka after 90 years, Taprobanica,  January, 2015. Vol. 07, No. 01: pp. 43–44.

වල් අවරි[Wal avari] (Indigofera trita)

An indigenous woody perennial herb of the dry zone waste lands, tank edges and coastal areas.

Fringed false pimpemel (Bonnaya ciliata [Syn: Lindernia ciliata])

An indigenous herb grows in wet places among grass and on damp rocks in the dry lowlands and the wet hills up to about 650 m a.s.l. Less commonly occurs also in the wet lowlands. Flowering throughout the year. 

මයානි[Mayani]/Common small justicia (Rostellularia procumbens [Syn: Justicia procumbens])

Common indigenous herb grows in light shade among grass along roadsides, waste lands, scrub lands, etc. from sea level to about 1800 m a.s.l. of the low country to mid hill drier areas. Flowering throughout the year. 

Commelina undulata [Syn: Commelina kurzii]

An indigenous ascending and climbing herb common in shaded lowland scrub lands, forests, rocky outcrops, roadsides, banks, etc. from sea level to about 775 m a.s.l. Flowering from December to March.

Curoba sangarida

Location - Kotte
External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/367969-Curoba-sangarida
Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 2 Page 49 & Plate
Expanse - 4 cm
Larval food plant - Firecracker flower (Crossandra infundibuliformis) (Sujeeva Gunasena Personal communication)

සුළු නයි[Sulu-Nayi]/Creeping rungia (Rungia repens)

Common native creeping herb grows among short grass or bare sandy soil in waste grounds and paddy field borders in the dry lowlands. Flowering from September to March.

පෝටා වැල් [Pota wel] (Pothos scandens)

Very common indigenous climber with roots that attach to tree trunks and rocks. Found in the wet and intermediate lowlands and lower hills. Flowering on hanging branches.

බෙලිපට්ට[Belipatta](Hibiscus tiliaceus)

An indigenous much branched tree occurs mainly near the coast and close to the rivers and streams in the low country. 

Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata)

An introduced annual herb native to America. Occasional weed of low moist ground. Common near the Negombo.

නෙළු[Nelu](Strobilanthes zeylanica)

Very rare critically endangered endemic under-shrub grows in moist low country forests up to about 600 m  a.s.l.

බිං දදකිරිය[Bin dadakiriya](Euphorbia thymifolia)

An introduced annual creeping herb. A weed of waste places and cultivated grounds. Also rooting between stones on roadside pavements.

මස් බැද්ද [Mas bedde](Gymnema sylvestre)

An indigenous twining and struggling woody plant occurs in the drier parts of the island in deciduous secondary shrub.

Banana Skipper/Rounded Palm Red-eye (Erionota torus)

Banana Skipper is the most recently discovered butterfly of  Sri Lanka. Rohana Gunawardana first observed two adults on 16th August 2015 at Ambagaspitiya in Gampaha District, while resting on a Musa x paradisiaca (Banana/කෙසෙල්) leaf. Next day he discovered many larva and pupa as well as adult butterflies on the vicinity and occurring of new invasive pest butterfly species in the island was formally published later on by Rohana Gunawardana, Ishara Harshajith Wijewardhane, H.M.B.E. Herath, and Tharaka S Priyadarshana in Wildlanka Vol 3 No 3, The research journal of the Department of Wildlife conservation, Sri Lanka.*
    Globally Banana Skipper is distributed in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Japan and northern India and it is believed that it has been entered Sri Lanka with imported plant materials. In Sri Lanka it is observed that larva of Banana Skipper feeds on mature banana leaves. Also it rolls the banana leaf flap clockwise to form a shelter to rest inside, coursing serious damages to the banana trees. Banana being a commercially cultivated , wide spread crop plant throughout the island, above authors have highlighted the necessity of taking immediate measures to eradicate it in the early stage. Outside Sri Lanka it is reported that not only Banana but also Cocos nucifera (Coconut/පොල්), Areca catechu (පුවක්/Betel-nut palm), Bambusa oldhamii, Strelitzia reginae and Saccharum officinarum (උක්/Sugar cane) are also host plants of the Banana Skipper. Three of them are widely cultivating important crop plants and it was noted that it would be a great lose for the economy if it gradually spread to them as well.

Current Status:
Banana Skipper is now a widely distributed pest in most areas where banana trees are growing as a commercial cultivation or as a home garden fruit tree. Such as Udawalawe, Sinharaja, Gilimale,  Kandy, Kotte, etc (Personnel observation). However it has been observed that Yellow-billed babblers are feeding on larva, tearing its 'nest' where it hide during the day time (Rajika Gamage & Sujeeva Gunasena Personnel communication)

* Meanwhile quite independently  Tharindu Ranasinghe and Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe also observed it in the same area and their findings were published as a newspaper article on 27th September 2015 - Enter the Banana Skipper butterfly; bad news for banana farmers

References:
Gunawardana B.R., Wijewardana G.V.I.H, Herath H.M.B.E & Priyadarshana T.M.T.S. 2015, Erionota torus Evans, 1941: A New Record for Sri lanka with notes on its biology (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) WILDLANKA Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 178 - 183.

අඹ[Amba]/Mango (Mangifera indica)

An introduced tree widely cultivated in the home gardens of wet zone up to about  600 m a.s.l. Native to India and Myanmar. Fruits edible.

Zornia walkeri

An indigenous perennial herb confine to the patanas of central hills and Knuckles range. 

වෙළන් [Welang]/Fishing rod tree (Pterospermum suberifolium)

Common indigenous tree grows in monsoon, evergreen mixed and secondary forests, abandoned chena lands, scrub lands, beaches and rocky slopes in the dry and intermediate zones from sea level to about 650 m a.s.l. Wood used in light construction and leaves medicinal. Formerly Veddhas used wood as fire sticks and to make arrows. 

දිය තිප්පිලි/දිය බුලත්[Diya tippili/Diya bulat]Shiny bush/Pepper elder/Pansit (Peperomia pellucida)

Native annual herb of tropical America. Introduced probably around 1884 since it was not recorded from Sri Lanka before 1884(Flora of Ceylon Vol 6). Now widely distributed in disturbed places, home gardens, on wet rocks, vertical banks and also as an epiphyte on roadside trees in wet lowlands up to about 500 m a.s.l. Local and rare in the dry zone. Flowering probably throughout the year. Whole plant edible and can be used in salads.

Picrostomastis spp.

Location - Polgasowita
External Links -http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/188209

Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides)

Native plant of South America, Central America and West Indies. Introduced into Sri Lanka about 1926 as a cover crop to control soil erosion, green manure and probably also as a fodder for cattle. Naturalized along roadsides, wastelands etc. in the wet zone. Flowering from January to June.

පෙති තෝර[Peti tora]/Pot cassia/Sickle senna (Senna tora [Cassia tora])

Common introduced herb grows in waste places. Leaves edible and also use in Ayurveda and traditional medicine.  Seeds are sometimes used as a coffee substitute. 

කන්කුන්[Kan-Kun](Ipomoea aquatica)

Native plant of the old world tropics. It was introduced to Sri Lanka during some unknown period of the history probably from the Malaysia. Its Sinhalese name Kan-kun most probably derived from the Malaysian name Kangkung. It is common and naturalized along tank margins, canals, paddy fields margins and in stream beds in the dry zone. Also cultivated in moist sites in both wet and dry zone. Young stem and leaves edible.

කොළ-හඟල, හීන්-වේවැල්[Kola-Hangala, Heen-Wewel](Calamus pseudotenuis)

An indigenous rattan occurs in wet lowlands to lower montane forests below 1500m. Grows in moist places on well-drained slopes. Flowering from April to June.  

Butterfly-pea (Centrosema pubescens)

An introduced twining vine native to tropical America, now naturalized and occurs along roads, waste places etc, probably throughout the island. Flowering from April, September to October and January.

Thalassodes spp.

Location - Polgasowita
External Links - http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/82746-Thalassodes
Reference - The Lepidoptera of Ceylon - F. Moore, F.Z.S. Vol 3 Page 426-427 & Plate 194-195

දිය ගෝවා[Diya gova]/Yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava)

Native plant of tropical America. Introduced to Sri Lanka in 1898. Escaped and naturalized widely in marshy areas, shallow ponds and margins of paddy fields from lowlands to mid country.  Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Young leaves and inflorescence are eaten as a vegetable. 

සියඹලා[Siyabala]/Tamarind/Indian Date (Tamarindus indica)

Native tree of Africa. Introduced to India at least 3000 years ago. Cultivated in Sri Lankan home gardens and along roadsides in villages. Also naturalized in the dry zone. It is used as a timber tree. Fruits edible and leaves, fruits, seeds and barks are used in Ayurvedic medicine.

කහ තැල් කොළ[Kaha Tel Kola]/Ivy woodrose(Merremia hederacea)

Common native twining or prostrating vine found in open areas, roadsides, grasslands, sandy places, etc in both wet and dry zones. Much common in the dry zone. 

Epithema ceylanicum [Epithema carnosum]

An indigenous herb occurs in crevices of damp rocks in the montane forests between Kandy and Dolosbage. Flowering February and from  July to September ( Probably throughout the year)

Wallace's Swift (Borbo cinnara)

Common insect flies in grasslands, roadsides and open areas from drier North and Northwestern lowlands to higher hills (Woodhouse L.G.O., 1950).  Its larva feeds on leaves of varies grass species of the family Poeceae such as Coix lacryma-jobi [කිරිඳි], Panicum maximum[ගිනි තණ/Guinea grass], Setaria barbata, Arundo donax, Cyrtococcum trigonum, Ischaemum timorense and Zea mays [ඉරිඟු/Indian corn/maize] 

Heliotropium curassavicum

An introduced prostrate and spreading herb occurs along roadsides, wastelands and borders of the lagoons in dry areas. Common in Northern and Northwestern dry zone.