මිල්ල/කහ මිල්ල/නියන් මිල්ල/මියන් මිල්ල/සපු මිල්ල[Milla/Kaha milla/Niyan milla/Miyan milla/Sapu milla]/(Vitex altissima)

Large native tree common in dry and intermediate zone forests. Also grown in home gardens. Bark medicinal and wood used in furniture making and construction industry. 

පොතු පලා[Pothu-pala] (Aniseia martinicensis)

Native vine with herbaceous stem of Central and South America. Introduced and naturalized in swampy areas, especially in paddy fields of southwestern lowlands. Leaves edible. 

එළ දදකිරිය[Ela dada kiriya] (Euphorbia indica)

Native annual herb grows in open grasslands, roadsides and cultivation up to about 1500 m a.s.l.

මයුර තණ[Mayura Tana] (Chloris barbata)

An indigenous grass occurs in the low country, mainly in the dry zone. A weed of waste places, coastal areas, abandoned cultivation, etc.

හක්-ඇඹල/මහ හක්-ඇඹල[Hak-Ambala/Maha Hak-Ambala](Begonia malabarica)

An indigenous herb widely distributed in shady spots on rocky hill slopes and by streams of the wet zone forests from 100-1500 m elevations. Also occurs in wet and shady places in the isolated dry zone hills. Flowering throughout the year. 

Phyllanthus virgatus (Phyllanthus simplex)

Native herb of grassy areas and roadsides of the low country.

Lowland Kangaroo Lizard/Earless Lizard/පිනුම් කටුස්සා/තැලි කටුස්සා[Pinum Katussa/Thali Katussa] (Otocryptis nigristigma)

An endemic lizard rather common in dry lowlands up to about 400 m elevations. It lives  among leaf litter of forest floor and sometimes even on tree trunks and rocks. Lowland Kangaroo Lizard inhabits both natural as well as the anthropogenic habitats, if adequate shade and leaf litter is available.

ගස්-කැප්පෙටියා[Gas-Keppetiya] (Croton aromaticus [Syn: Croton laccifer])

Native shrub or small tree grows in forests and bordering areas up to about 800m elevations in both dry and wet regions. Leaves use to control soil-borne pests in paddy fields and betel-vine plantations. Lac use in traditional lacquer works is a secretions of a certain scale-insect species (Tachardia lacca) living on the tender branches of this tree sucking juice of them. Roots, bark and leaves use in traditional medicine.

මුකුනුවැන්න/මුඟුනුවැන්න[Mukunu-wenna,Mugunuwenna]/Sessile joyweed/Tangle mat(Alternanthera sessilis)

Very common introduced herb occurs in paddy fields, ditches, roadsides, gardens and disturbed places in lowlands up to about 1180 m elevations. Eaten as a vegetable and often cultivated.

Murdannia loriformis

Rather uncommon native perennial herb grows on rocky slopes in shade from 25 m to 500 m a.s.l. in wet and intermediate zones. Flowering occurs from November to December. Flowers opening around 10.15-10.45 A.M. and fading around 12.00 P.M.

දෙල්/රට දෙල්[Del/Rata del]/Breadfruit tree(Artocarpus altilis [Syn: Artocarpus incisus])

Native tree probably of New Guinea. Planted in home gardens. Occurs in two forms one with seeds and conical processes on the syncarp and the other seedless without such processes. Fruit edible and wood used in light construction works. 

Typhonodorum lindleyanum

An introduced large aquatic herb native to the Madagascar. Cultivated at the Peradeniya Botanical garden.

Pseuderanthemum latifolium

An indigenous shrub occurs  under shade of trees in the dry zone secondary semi-evergreen forests. flowering from January to October.

Painted-lip Lizard/Sri Lankan Bloodsucker/තොල විසිතුරු කටුස්සා[Thola visithuru Katussa] (Calotes ceylonensis)

An endemic lizard confine to the semi-evergreen monsoon forests, home gardens and plantations in the dry and intermediate zones up to about 400 elevations. Painted-lip Lizard is an arboreal agamid inhabiting tree trunks of large trees. It active during the day time and feeds on butterflies, day moths, bees and other insects.

Anaphalis subdecurrens

Native annual herb very common on grassy banks and patanas of hill country from 1200 to 2100 m elevations. Flowering throughout the year. 

Andrographis alata

An indigenous herb common in under shade of shrubs or trees and along borders of rocks in dry zone shrub jungles. Flowering from March to August.

Mitrephora heyneana

An indigenous tree locally common on rocks and along streams in dry and intermediate zone forested hills from 150 to about 450 m elevations.

රට තෝර[Rata thora]/Dhal/Pigeon Pea/Chick Pea/Red Gram (Cajanus cajan)

Introduced shrub native to tropical Asia. Cultivated for edible seeds, of them dhal curry is made.

Lysimachia deltoidea [Lysimachia procumbens]

A native prostrate herb occurs along stream banks and seepage areas in the forests and transition zones between forests and patana grasslands of the hill country above 1900 m elevation. 

පුස් වැල්[Pus wel](Entada rheedei[Syn:Entada pusaetha])

Large native woody climber in moist low country forests up to about 600 m a.s.l. Juice of the wood and bark used in medicine. 

ගල් වෙරළු[Gal veralu](Elaeocarpus subvillosus)

An endemic tree of wet lowland forests up to about 2000 n a.s.l. Flowering from February to April and again from July to November. Fruits in September. 

Anaphalis brevifolia

An indigenous much branched annual or biennial herb occurs in grassy banks and patanas from  1500 to 2100 m a.s.l. Rather common and flowering from September to April. 

කැකිරි[Kekiri]/Melon (Cucumis melo)

An indigenous or introduced herb with climbing or creeping stems. Widely cultivated for its edible fruits. Also escaped and naturalized in waste places.

Lysimachia laxa

An indigenous herb with erect stem occurs in shady places in the hill country forests above 1600 m a.s.l. Flowering from August to September and December to January.

Hedyotis ceylanica [Syn: Metabolus decipiens]

An endemic woody herb locally common in open and secondary places in the montane zone. Flowering from February to August.

හැඩවක[Hadawaka](Chaetocarpus castanicarpus )

An indigenous tree occurs in both primary and secondary rain forests from sea level to about 500 m elevations in wet and intermediate zones.

බෝවිටියා[Bovitiya] (Osbeckia walkeri)

Rather rare endemic shrub occurs in grasslands, open places in forests and forest edges of the montane zone.

Spiranthes australis [Spiranthes sinensis]

An indigenous terrestrial herb grows in wet patana-grasslands in the hill country. Flowering throughout the year.

වල් අරළු[Wal aralu] (Ficus mollis)

An indigenous deciduous banyan or independent tree with few or no aerial roots from the branches common in lowland forests and open rocky places in the dry zone. 

Neanotis monosperma

An indigenous perennial herb common in open wet places in the montane forests and grasslands. Flowering from August to September.

Sri Lanka Wood Frog/ලංකා දිය මැඩියා[Lanka diya madiya] (Hydrophylax gracilis [Hylarana gracilis])

An endemic frog rather common in all three zones up to about 500 elevations. It lives close to water bodies and found on rocks and low vegetation in forests, marshy lands, paddy fields, tanks, ponds and even in home gardens.

සමාදාන[Samadana]/Creeping blepharis (Blepharis maderaspatensis)

Common native trailing herb occurs among grass, usually in partially shaded places along roads, foot paths and jungle borders. Flowering from February to May and again from August to September.

කෙකටිය[kekatiya] (Aponogeton jacobsenii)

Locally common endemic aquatic herb found in shallow or deep ponds and rivulets with stagnant or fast flowing water in higher elevations from 1650 to 2300 m a.s.l. Flowering from March to May and September to October.

වැලිවැන්න[Welivanna] (Tritaxis glabella [Syn: Dimorphocalyx glabellus])

Common small tree or shrub occurs in forests and forest borders, mainly in the dry areas of the low to mid country.

මහ නුග/නුග[Maha nuga/Nuga]/Banyan/Krishna bo/Krishna's cup (Ficus benghalensis)

An indigenous tree also native to Pakistan and India.Now widely cultivated in towns and villages. Also occurs in lowland forests. 

Hedyotis lessertiana

An endemic shrub or small tree grows in open and secondary areas of the upper montane shrubberies. Flowering from March to June and also in September.

තේක්ක[Thekka]/Teak/Indian oak (Tectona grandis)

An introduced tree, widely planted for timber. Native to India, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Flowering mainly in the rainy season, starting about a month after the first rain. 

ඇටඹුරු[Etamburu] (Fagraea ceilanica)

Epiphytic or terrestrial shrub or small tree occurs in and along both primary and secondary forest edges from sea level to about 1500 m a.s.l. or more.

Neanotis nummularia

An endemic perennial herb occurs in wet places of the montane grasslands.

Coldenia procumbens

An indigenous prostrate and spreading herb common in dry sun-baked wastelands and dry margins of tanks of the dry zone. Flowering from July to September.

Black-tipped Percher (Diplacodes nebulosa)

Rather uncommon dragonfly usually found perch on grasses or sticks in wet lowland areas such as marshes, ponds, tanks and nearby vegetation, in all climatic zones.  It occurs all the year round though much common during May and June. As per Bedjanic M, et. al., 2014 the lack of recent records of this dragonfly in the north and east is probably due to less intensive field works in that part of the island, though there are some old records from those areas as well. This individual was photographed at Batticaloa of eastern province in a lawn close to the old Dutch fort on 8th August 2016 confirming its inhabitancy in the eastern part of the country. 

Sunset bells/Black Flamingo/Copper Leaf (Chrysothemis pulchella)

Introduced perennial ornamental plant widely cultivated in home gardens.  

Syzygium sclerophyllum

  An endemic canopy tree, locally common in the montane forests above 2000 m a.s.l. in the main mountain massif. 

Memecylon rivulare

An endemic small shrub, rather common along stream and river banks in the wet lowland forests.

Mallotus fuscescens

An endemic tree occurs in wet zone forests up to about 500 m elevations.

Isodon nigrescens

An indigenous herb rather common in shaded roadside ditches and damp undergrowth of submontane to montane forests from 1000 -2700 m a.s.l, often close to streams. Flowering throughout the year.

* Isodon hians (Benth.) H.W.Li.  is now considered as a synonym of  Isodon nigrescens (Benth.) H.Hara

වල් රෝස[Wal Rosa] (Rubus leucocarpus)

An scrambling shrub with prickles, occurs as two varieties.
1) var. leucocarpus - Occurs in open thickets, jungle paths or by road banks in montane areas.                                               Flowering from December to March (Probably in other months as well),
2) var. tomentosa - Under growth of dense mossy forests, open places in forests, forest edges, road                                      embankments and stream banks in upper montane areas above 2000m a.s.l.

Coleus Inflatus [Syn: Plectranthus inflatus]

Large endemic perennial herb grows in partial shade close to streams in secondary montane forests from 1200 to 2600 a.s.l. Flowering most of the year. 

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)

An introduced tree or shrub with scattered thorns, native to South America and West Indies. Naturalized in open grazed areas near the south coast, around Hambantota* (Revised Hand Book to Flora of Ceylon Vol 1)

* Also observed at Chilaw to Puttalam area of North Western coast.

බූ කටු හැන්ද[Bu katu handa]Forget-me-not/Hound's tongue(Cynoglossum zeylanicum)

An indigenous herb occurs along roadsides and waste grounds in central highlands. Flowering from February to August.

* Both Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. and Cynoglossum zeylanicum Thunb. ex Lehm are now considered as synonyms of Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl) Brand.