Jerdon's Nightjar/Large-tailed Nightjar/Long-tailed Nightjar/Horsfield's Jungle Nightjar/ දිගුපෙඳ බිම්බස්සා [Dhigupedha bimbassa] (caprimulgus atripennis)

Common breeding resident of dry lowlands to drier mid hills. Local and uncommon in wet lowlands. Jerdon's Nightjar inhabits scrub lands, chena cultivation and wooded areas. It roosts on the ground during the day time in a well camouflages shady location. Nesting on the ground without a nest, often at the side of a jungle path, from February to May and possibly again from August to September.  It feeds on various flying insects such as beetles, termites etc.

Spot-winged Thrush/ශ්‍රී ලංකා තිත්පිය තිරාසිකයා/පුල්ලි වල් අවිච්චියා [Sri Lanka Titpiya Thirasikaya/Pulli Wal Avichchiya] (Geokichla spiloptera)

A rare breeding resident inhabiting undergrowth of forests and well wooded areas from wet lowlands to higher hills. Scarce and local in riverine forests in the dry zone. It feeds on insects, worms, etc mainly on the ground, skulking in the undergrowth while turning over leaf litter. It lives as pairs or as solitary birds. The breeding season is from March to April and again from August to September. It build a nest - an untidy mass of twigs, moss and grass- placed in a crown of tree fern or fork of a sapling where it lays two eggs. 

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Frogmouth/මැඩිමුහුණා[madimuhuna] (Batrachostomus moniliger)

Frogmouth is a rare breeding resident found in dense forests and forests edges in all climatic zones while scarce in hills and comparatively common in the wet zone.  It is a strict nocturnal bird and spends the day perch across a branch with beak pointing upwards and the facial plumes erected forwards looking rather like a broken branch. It feeds mainly on insects like beetles. The breeding takes place from January to March and again from August to September. The nest is a small pad set on a horizontal branch, well camouflaged with lichens and barks which support a single egg which is brooded during the day by the male bird (probably the female broods at night - (Henry G.M., 1998))

Large-billed Leaf Warbler (Phylloscopus magnirostris)

Common migrant to forests and well wooded gardens of both wet and dry zone from lowlands to higher hills.  It feeds in canopy usually as solitary birds or as scattered individuals in the same area. Large-billed Warbler breeds in the Himalayas.

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Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea)

Very common winter migrant inhabiting saltarns, estuaries, lagoons, mud-flats and marshes of dry zone coastal areas and occasionally in wet zone. It occurs as large to small flocks, sometime associating with other waders and feeds busily on numerous small organisms, worms, molluscs etc. exposed in mud-flats when tide is running out.  It breeds in Tundra in arctic eastern Asia.

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Yellow-eared Bulbul(Pycnonotus penicillatus)

An endemic bird common in forests, well wooded home gardens and such habitats from mid to higher hills. Yellow-eared Bulbul usually lives as pairs or as small flocks and feeds on fruits and insects in bushes and low trees, moving from tree to tree, usually uttering its flight call. The breeding season last from March to April and probably again from August to September. It build a cup shape nest with green moss, rootlets, etc. placed in a fork of low tree or on a hanging branch.

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මයිලගොයා[Mayilagoya]/Sri Lanka Wood Pigeon (Columba torringtoniae)

Sri Lankan Wood Pigeon is a rare hill country bird inhabiting forests and well wooded places. It also visits  some low country rain forests especially during fruiting season.  It lives as solitary birds, as pairs or as small flocks and feeds on fruits. The breeding season last from February to May and again from August to October. The nest is a platform of twigs on the canopy of forest tree, where it lays single white egg.

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Sri Lanka White-eye/Hill White-eye (Zosterops ceylonensis)

Common endemic bird found in forests, wooded areas and home gardens from mid hills to higher hills. It also occurs locally in some lowlands forests such as Sinharaja. It forms large scattered flocks (Except in breeding season, when the bird pair off ) and travel through the tree foliage searching small insects like caterpillars,moths etc. and nectar, sometime in company with other birds. It breeds from March to May and again from August to September. The nest is a cup slung between branches in a low foliage. 

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වී කුරුල්ලා/පිට සුදු වී කුරුල්ලා/නිතඹ සුදු වී කුරුල්ලා [Wee Kurulla/Pita Sudu Wee Kurulla/Nithaba Sudu Wee Kurulla]/White-rumped Munia [White-backed Munia] (Lonchura striata striata)

Common breeding resident inhabiting gardens, paddy fields, forests, open woodlands, scrub lands and cultivation from lowlands to mid hills. It lives as pairs or as small flocks and feeds on grass and other seeds including paddy. The breeding season mainly last from February to May but possibly all the year round. the nest is an untidy ball of grass blades with the entrance from side place on a tree or foliage.

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Jungle Prinia [Ceylon Large Prinia/Ceylon Jungle Wren -Warbler]/කළුවන් හම්බු කුරුල්ලා/වන ප්‍රීනියා [Kaluwan Hambu Kurulla/Wana prinia] (Prinia sylvatica vailda)

Rather uncommon breeding resident much abundant in  dry lowlands while locally occurs throughout the low country wet zone up to mid hills, becoming rarer in the higher hills.  It inhabits scrub lands and grasslands in pairs or as small flocks. Jungle Prinia breeds mainly from February to May  building a nest – an untidy ball of grasses and rootlets bounds with cobwebs – low in tussock or a bush.

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Indian Cormorant/Indian Shag (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis)

Very common breeding resident in dry lowlands. Also occurs in wet lowlands and lower hills but uncommon. It is very gregarious bird and lives as small flocks of its own often  associated with other water birds like Little Cormorants. Marshes, tanks, lagoons, rivers and large channels are its favorite habitats  where it feeds on fish by pursuing them under water.  The breeding season last from October to April. It nest in colonies with other water birds, building a nest - platform of sticks - on trees standing in water.               

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Sri Lanka Woodshrike/Common Woodshrike (Tephrodornis affinis)

Common breeding resident mainly found in dry lowlands and locally in some low country wet zone areas up to the mid hills. Sri Lankan Woodshrike lives in pairs or as small flocks in forests, well wooded gardens and scrublands with scattered trees. It feeds on insects in canopy. The breeding season is from February to June. The nest is a well camouflaged shallow saucer fixed in a fork or on branch of a tree.

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Collared Scops Owl/India Scops Owl (Otus bakkamoena)

Common breeding resident distributed throughout the island while becoming uncommon in the higher hills. It inhabits forest and well wooded gardens of villages and towns. Collared Scops Owl lives as pairs and feeds on insects like beetles, grasshoppers and other small animals such as geckos, mouses, shrews, etc. The breeding season is from February to May and it lays 2-3 eggs in a tree hole or a building crevice.

Tricoloured Munia [Black-headed Munia/Chestnut-Backed Munia] (Lonchura malacca)

Common breeding resident mainly found in the grasslands, paddy fields and marshes of dry zone but also occurring locally in other areas of the island. It is abundant in the eastern part of the country. Tricoloured Munia lives mainly as small flocks and feeds on paddy and other grass seeds. The breeding season lasts from March to August and the nest is a ball of grass-blades with entrance hole in the side set in a reed-bed or low bush. 

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පරවියා/ගල් පරවියාRock Pigeon[Indian Blue Rock Pigeon]/Parewiya/Gal Parewiya (Columba livia intermedia)

True wild Rock Pigeon is very similar to feral birds with similar plumage with two dark bands on the wings, while other feral birds have varies colors and patterns. Wild birds are very rare and restricted to the some offshore rocky islets from north-east to south. Pigeon Island of off Trincomalee has the largest wild population. It is also occurring rarely in inland dams in reservoirs and similar structures in some large tanks in the dry lowlands. It lives as small flocks.  As per Henry off shore birds visiting the mainland daily for foods, where they feed on waste grains and varies seeds and herbs (Henry G.M., 1998). Wild birds normally perch on rocks cliffs and the like and not on trees.  The breeding season appears to be from February to June and nesting colonially on rock cliffs of the islets. The nest is a pad of sticks and grasses placed on rocks or on a ledge. Domestic birds common in towns and villages breed throughout the year.

White-browed Fantail/බැම සුදු පවන්පෙන්දා/අවාන්-පෙඳ මැසිමාරා (Rhipidura aureola)

Common breeding resident of dry lowlands while locally common in some wet zone areas up to mid hills. White-browed Fantail is a very active bird with restless dancing movements with fanned tail. It can be found in forests, open wooded areas and home  gardens, usually as solitary birds or in pairs. It feeds on flying insects taking on the wing as all other 'flycatchers'. The breeding season lasts from January to August. Its nest is an open cup made out of fibers  rootlets, etc., plastered with cobwebs and placed on a branch. Nest is often not concealed where it lays 2-3 eggs.

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ගිරාමලිත්තා/Gira Maliththa/Hanging Parrot/Lorikeet (Loriculus beryllinus)

An endemic and locally common bird of forests and well wooded home gardens in wet lowlands to mid hills. Also found in foothill areas of the dry lowlands. Hanging parrot is a strictly arboreal bird and usually encounters as solitary birds or as pairs (Warakagoda D et. al., 2012). However above bird was captured in a feeding flock, travelling through the Acacia plantation of Meethirgala forest reserve with at least 50 companions of the same species. It feeds on fruits, nectar of flowers, seeds and also juice of palms collected in toddy-drawers pots. While feeding it has very restless characteristic behavior of hangs at all sort of angles. It sleeps hanging head downward from a slender, leafy twig. Hanging Parrot breeds in a tree hole from March to June and sometime again from August to September. Female builds the nest with strips nibbled from the edge of green leaves and lays 2-3 white color eggs.  

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Large Cuckooshrike/මහ කොවුල්සැරටිත්තා/මහ කොවුල්ඇස්පටියා[Maha Kovulsaratiththa/Maha Kovulaspatiya] (Coracina macei)

An uncommon breeding resident found in forest areas of lowlands up to mid hills. It is less common in wet zone. Usually a solitary bird though some time occurs as pairs or as small flocks. Large Cuckooshrike is a bird of the canopy and feeds mainly on insects. It's breeding season is from May to June and lays 2 eggs in a shallow cup made out of fine twigs, leaf-stalks, lichens etc. and felted together with cobwebs.

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Asian Palm Swift (Cypsiurus balasiensis)

Common breeding resident in low country and lower hills especially where palm trees such as Palmyras or Talipots are available.  It keeps in flocks and spends its time flitting about in open areas in search for small flying insects. It breeds probably year round and the nest is a small cup of feathers and cotton, glued with its saliva under fan-palm leaf or occasionally the fronds of the Areca or Betetnut palm (Only if no fan-palm is available). 

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Black-winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus)

An uncommon breeding raptor in open areas, grasslands paddy fields and Patana lands in dry lowlands and hills.  Occasional visitor to the wet lowlands. It encounters mostly as solitary birds or in pairs. It has a habit of hovering frequently when hunting on grasshoppers, lizards, rats and young birds in open country.  The breeding season is from December to March and sometime again from July to October. The nest – untidy mass of sticks – is placed at top of a tree in fairly open area.  

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